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Tuesday, 6 November 2012

Location Scouting - Outside London Part 1

As I have mentioned in a previous post, locations are key in the success of a film, especially a thriller, therefore I'm going to scout out various cinematic locations close by. It may seem strange to location scout before having a solid idea, but it's good to know what's available...even Steven Spielberg confesses to changing many things according to location! These locations have to look great and cinematic, but they also have to be easy to film at. It would be hard to film at a place where you need a guided tour and many places ban video cameras, however, in some locations we could film without looking too conspicuous, and although they are busy we would just look like tourists! I shall do a seperate post for the London locations.

Waverly Abbey


Waverly Abbey is a group of decent size ruins in west Surrey, that look incredible! Their cinematic potential is very high, and they have, in fact, been used in a number of high budget films such as '28 Days Later'. This is the sort of place which, if used effectively, would definitely boost the production value. The Abbey is free of entry, has no one 'guarding' it, and doesn't get many tourists. I have seen a video on youtube with people climbing all over it...it's practically been left to rot. It is about half an hours walk away fromt the train station, which is convenient for transportation, and is the opposite direction from the city, making it very secluded. In other words, it is very practical to film at and looks great! A perfect location for the right scene!

Bognor Regis Beach


Bognor Regis seems like the perfect seaside town, and this is a very good attribute for a film. When people see a beach in a film, they don't want to see a random beach, they want to see what they think a beach should look like. Bognor Regis isn't far away on train, and the train station is practically on the sea shore. In summer it is crowded with tourists, but we're filming in the winter, when it will be just about empty, meaning we can do whatever we want. It's practical to film at, and it looks great. Yet another brilliant location!

Frensham Pond

 
Frensham Pond is in Farnham, which is about an hour and a half away by train. The pond, which is practically just a big lake, has a very eerie look to it, and it would make an excellent location for a film. It is relatively easy to access, and it quite empty at the right times, such as winter, which is when we're filming! The only problem is that it doesn't really look like the setting for an action film, more of a horror film, however for the right scenes it could work admirably.

A Low Budget Thriller

Thrillers are notoriously a very high budget genre, and with this in mind, for the thriller to be successful, it needs to look expensive. Obviously, we do not have the money to make a high budget, explosive thriller, so we must figure out ways to make it look much more high budget than it actually is. To do this we must avoid trying to include things that involve destruction and explosives, and focus on good film making, in order to not look like we're trying and failing, but instead look as if we know what we're doing. Therefore we must very carefully plan out a suitable story, that could be filmed on a low budget, but could look as if it was filmed on a much higher one. In the world of successful thrillers it's all about production value.

An easy way to boost this production value is location. No one wants to see a film that is filmed in the director's back garden or bedroom, and they don't want to see a film that was filmed in the directors school either. Of course, schools are used a lot as locations, but they are very idealistic schools, and most schools just don't look 'cinematic' enough. Our school especially does not look even the tiniest bit cinematic. Even if houses and schools are avoided, it would still look cheap to film down the local high street, as, once again most of them do not look 'cinematic' enough, and once again, it's a very cheap look. If you were to take a look at the latest Bond film 'Skyfall', you'd realise that most of the locations were very exotic, and there's not a single scene in the film that is filmed somewhere less than spectacular. This is a convention of most thrillers, that must be followed. Location scouting, therefore, becomes a key part of making the film, and is something that I'm going to focus on very keenly. So if I've crossed off all the obvious, amateur-cliche, 'uncinematic' places, then that means that I'm goign to have to go further afield in order to make this film well. My mind is drawn straight to London, which is a mere 45 minutes away on the train. London has many extremely iconic locations, and just one of them would boost the production value considerably. I shall definitely put it under consideration! The only problem is that most thrillers require weaponry, and I'm not planning on pulling out fake guns in the middle of London, so if we were to film in London, then I'll have to adapt the opening scene to suit it. I shall discuss locations further in a later post.

Another way to boost the production value is the acting. The fact is, picking actors out of friends is never going to be the same as having Hollywood actors, so the acting needs to be both easy and minimal. If they're not good actors, then the obvious option is to give them an easy part, and a small part. Give the bigger parts to the better actors, and adapt the parts to suit them. To get around this acting dilemma, I'm also going to make sure that there isn't much acting needed, just following people, or getting punched, or waiting...simple things like that. I'm not planning to give them roles that the greatest actors would struggle to play!

Yet another way to boost the value is to play on my strengths. I know what I can and can't do, and I know what I can and can't afford. For example, if I had a car that was going to the dump anyway, I'd have a scene which involves a car being destroyed, which would look incredibly high budget, but it would actually cost me nothing! I'll have to think over what these strengths are. I also already own a lot of film making equipment, so I can use this to my strength. I am very adept with using Final Cut Studio, so I will edit my film on that instead of the school's option of Adobe Premiere. Personally I prefer Final Cut as well...I shall discuss it in a later post.

I've found three solid ways to boost my production value, and I am sure to think of more! This is a very good start, because if it looks as if it's expensive, it'll look much better. I don't want my audience knowing that it was done by an amateur, and I don't want them thinking about what's wrong with it, such as a shaky camera, bad match-on-action, or some stupid cheap errors. I want them to be thinking about it in the way they would think about any film: about the storyline, and what's good. With many amateur films I find myself thinking about what's bad about it, but I want my audience to be thinking what's good!

Moodboard - Action Film

This moodboard should help us to come up with ideas for our action film and get the creative juices running.

Choosing a Genre

When picking a genre for our opening two minutes we had to be very careful in making sure that it we picked the right genre. A lot of genres cannot be done well on a low budget, and some require a very experienced and refined film making ability to be able to execute effectively. The obvious film genres are:
- Action
- Animation
- Biopic
- Comedy
- Crime
- Documentary
- Drama
- Horror
- Musical
- Period & Historical
- Romance
- Science Fiction
- Fantasy
- Thriller
- War 
- Westerns 

I decided that from this list I should eliminate animation, biopic, comedy, documentary, horror, musical, period & historical, romance, science fiction, fantasy, war and westerns...which is almost the entire list! I shall explain my reasoning:

Animation
Animation is a very hard genre on a low budget simply because of the very specific set of skills it needs to work it. I have a very low skills set in the area of animation; I can manage rough CGI against live action, but to make a wholly animated film would take a lot more. There is only really one way in which I could do animation, and that is by doing claymation - using plasticine and taking pictures, then moving the model, then taking another picture and so on. The is very time consuming, and at a low budget it wouldn't look very good anyway. Therefore I am not doing animation.

Biopic
Once again, I can't do a biopic thanks to practicality. They require a very specific storyline, and the locations and actors are also very specific, which, not only limits my creativity, but also is extremely high budget. I could only really get it to work if I chose the person very carefully, and kept it very closed up in a house or somewhere. I don't really want this sort of limit, so therefore I am not doing a biopic.

Comedy
Comedies have to be funny. If they're not funny, they're not good, and if they're not good then I don't want to make one. It's really that simple. They can be made on a low budget, and technically they are easy, but it's just the small issue of having to make it funny that brings it down. Therefore I am not doing a comedy!

Documentary
A documentary would be very easy to make; they could be about anything! That's exactly why I don't want to do a documentary! I don't want to do a genre that is too easy, and isn't very interesting anyway. Documentaries limit your creativity more than any other genre, and I don't want that sort of limit. Mockumentaries would appeal to me a little more, as they aren't true, and it would be fun, but once again it comes back to the issue of making it funny...

Horror
A lot of people are choosing to do horror, and I think that it's the worst genre possible to choose. I'd rather do animation then horror. They are very very very hard to make, and make well. Even in the professional film business horrors are hard to make very well, and very few of them receive critical acclaim, and the ones that do are hybrids of other genres, like in 'The Silence of the Lambs'. Horror films have to have a scare factor otherwise they are not successful, and when it comes to amateur teenagers trying to scare an audience, the success rate is not very high. It would fall back far to heavily on cliches, and would lack a personal flourish to it, which is essential in being successful. I have seen a great many amateur horror films fail drastically, and this is not a route I want to take. Finally, for an amateur film maker, horror films are the most cliche genre. They look as cheap as they are.

Musical
We could do a musical, except for the fact that we have to write our own songs, perform them, record a backing track, choreograph dance sequences on top of making an AS level film...

Period & Historical
These are some of the most expensive genres around. Every tiny detail has to be in tune with the period in which the film is set, and that requires huge amounts of money! Just think about how much a quality feather pen would be, to have as a tiny, yet essential detail in a scene! The only way we could do this would be to go into a forest and hire out some costumes, which both limits our creativity and still costs a fair amount of money. It also includes a lot of research into language, culture, clothing etc, and would take a lot more planning than the time available. As much as I would like to make a period or historical film, it is just unfeasible.

Romance
Romance genres are a possibility, but I don't really want to do one as I'm not a huge fan of the genre anyway, and it would not garner enough enthusiasm from me. I don't think I would be able to show enough film making techniques, and I don't think it would stretch me enough. Also, kissing scenes could be very awkward to watch and film, and sex scenes are out of the question.

Science Fiction
Science fiction is a very expensive genre. It requires a lot of SFX and money, and although I can handle a small amount of CGI, I don't think I could handle a full on science fiction film. I don't want our film to look cheap, and I think that by doing science fiction it would look very very cheap.

Fantasy
Expensive.

War
Expensive.

Westerns
Expensive.

So overall it comes down to budget and skill. Skill not just of the film maker, but of the actors and the composer and the animator. With these out of the way the genres I have left are:

- Action
- Crime
- Drama
- Thriller

Between these genres I think I will choose to do a thriller, as they are a challenge, but not an impossible one. They can look great, even at a low budget, and if I do it well, I think it could be a real success! 

Preliminary Task Evaluation

For our preliminary task we wanted to do something a bit more exciting then just walking in a room and having a few lines of dialogue. Although it does include these features several times, it also has a lot more to it. We wanted to run some tests in preparation for our opening two minutes, which included testing out several fights scenes, so to kill two birds with one stone, we integrated a few fights scenes into our preliminary task.
The film was shot in eight hours, and editing is taking considerably longer, due to the complexity of the piece. Obviously the main difficulty we encountered was choreographing fight sequences, shooting them from several angles and all the while keeping it safe. I have had a bit of training in cinematic fight choreographing, so I rose to the challenge of the numerous sequences that the film entailed. Each fight had it's own unique feel to test out different styles, so each one had it's seperate challenges.
The first fight was a fairly standard, Bourne-style fight, with punches and pushes. It was shot down the side of a house in a very closed in alley, that allowed a lot of pushing into walls and gave it a claustrophobic feel. Despite its fairly conventional approach it was still a challenge to work out how the fight would progress, and how the protagonist would overcome the antagonist. The hardest part of the fight was when I am thrown into the piece of wood, and then I hit Lee (our lead) with the wood. This was hard as the wood was very solid, and was painful to hit at the sort of pace we were looking for. We had to put padding up our sleeves in order to avoid any major bruises, we had to move at a slightly slower pace. However this pace was sped up in editing by the removal of a few frames just before the hit. I used this technique for most of the hits in the sequence, and it made the hits look much more brutal. I am particularly proud of the first punch thrown, as this looks incredibly realistic. It looked very brutal without any editing at all, but once I removed some of the frames it looked very painful.
The next scene was a lot easier as the fight wasn't so long and was much more one sided, with a quick resolution. This meant that we did not have to choreograph as much and it wasn't too much hard work for our lead actor who was already tired from his previous fight scene. I kept the editing tight for the take-out of the roof guard, and tried to keep the disarming manouvre to a beat, so it was very fast paced and very stylish. The more that is cut out of a fight, the faster it is.
I really enjoy the next scene as it looks visually striking and is a very exciting scene. It was interesting trying to come up with a scene using guns instead of just a usual fist fight, and it was challenging trying to keep it exciting despite the distance between the shooters. In the edit it was slightly faster then I intended and is over in just over ten seconds, which, although disappointingly short, nonetheless is one of the most brilliant scenes in the film. To give the scene its cinematic realism I added some muzzle flashes to the guns, as without them the guns looked fake and were awkward to watch. The muzzle flashes are no entirely realistic, and they do not always look great, but on such a low budget they worked, and were much better than just leaving the guns. One big thing that I feel we need to work on is our gun recoils. When the guns fire, the actors' reaction is not entirely realistic, and I think that before we film our opening two minutes we need a training day on gun recoils.
The next scene in the bathroom offered both the audience and the character time to recover from the rollercoaster opening of the film. A slightly comedic element can be found in the shot of Agent Davidson fixing his hair in the middle of an infiltration. Another reason for this scene was that we needed to prove obviously that we could execute match on action effectively through opening a door. I had noticed in a lot of other peoples preliminary tasks, the smoothness of the transition between grabbing the door handle in one shot, and opening in the next was weak, as it was not fast enough. In reality, opening a door does not take long at all, and I think a lot of people assumed it needed much longer. Not only does this detract from the action, but it looks bad. I think in ours we 'opened the door' effectively, and we used the close-up to pick up the pace again and throw the audience back into the action.
The next kill is very comedic - a terrorist wearing a balaclava to the shower? From here the film takes a very comedic twist, and becomes much more fun. I confess that this was not entirely intentional, but the arrival of a new cast/crew member opened limitless comedic possibilities, and from then it just seemed right that the film should slowly become more and more absurd. The final scene was planned to be exactly what it became, but originally we had no comedy building up to it, but we decided that it needed a bit of justification for the genre switch, as turning comedic suddenly might ruin it and lose the audience. Therefore we slowly drip fed our audience comedic moments, and we slowly built up how close together they were and how absurd they were. In our final piece we do not intend to include any comedy whatsoever, so it was nice to try out this genre, and explore its possibilities while we could.
The following fight was the hardest fight yet, as it required the highest physical endurance from both actors. The knife at the start of the fight broke several times, until by the end there was only half a blade. It was not a real knife, of course, but a fake, poundland knife that was obviously going to break very easily. We should probably have thought that through beforehand. The fight didn't turn out nearly as well as we had hoped, as we could never film the fight all the way through with no mistakes, due to its complexity. This meant that in the editing process it was hard to link, so we had to use the jenga sequence as a cutaway. Another problem that we encountered with this sequence was that the acting went slightly downhill. The characters moved too slowly, a lot of their punches looked to fake, and the reactions to the punches were delayed. This took a lot of editing to get around and to make it look decent. I used cutaways downstairs a few times to get around unusable areas.
I think the next scene is one of my favourites in the film. I think that the comedy works really well, especially with the use of the Russian national anthem, that goes away as soon as the antagonists get shot on the stairs. We had to shoot this a few times (no pun intended), as it took a fair amount of commitment and trust to fall down the stairs onto each other. The shots of Agent Davidson walking down the stairs are the only shots in the film that involved a tripod, as our entire film crew had just been shot on the stairwell.
The kitchen fight was definitely our most creative fight sequence, but also our most dangerous. Seeming as it involved using kitchen tools that could cause injury, we shot this scene in parts. Unfortunately this affected continuity, and sometimes it looks a little disjointed, however it is never too much of an issue. I am particularly proud of the part where Agent Davidson picks up the meat forks and uses them as 'claws', as this looks very cool, and is just the sort of idea that would be used in professional action movies. I also love the shot where we placed the camera on the trolley as it was thrown across the room, and I think this is a very creative shot.
Finally we come to our dialogue sequence. For this we wanted some very mysterious lighting, and I like the way that Agent Davidson is backlit in a silhouette, but also holds the torch. It looks very mysterious, and frames him in what is sometimes known as a 'hero shot'. The professor is lit very naturally by Davidson's torchlight, so the audience only sees what the protagonist sees. However this low lighting mixed with the non-HD format resulted in lines moving across the screen which is annoying, but it's only a minor issue.
The finale was relatively easy to shoot, as we were used to fight sequences by then, so it only took about ten minutes to choreograph.What made it hard was the level of endurance required. It was extremely hot in a monkey suit and a balaclava, and so we couldn't run it through as many times as we would of liked, simply because of how much hard work it was. We were all very tired at this point, and we needed to shoot it within the hour. Fortunately, in that time we managed to get most of the shots that we wanted, and there were no major continuity errors that we needed to sort out in post. I was worried that there was a lack of shots, but when it came to editing, it turned out that it was fine. Strangely, when I exported the sequence the music had slightly adjusted itself so it wasn't how I wanted, but I didn't mind too much, and I couldn't find a way to fix it.
In conclusion I think that our preliminary task was a big success, as we demonstrated a keen understanding of the film makign process, and we did it creatively. Our major criticism was the length of it, as none of the others exceeded even half its length, but I don't think it's an issue, as we did what we wanted, and we tested out a lot of things that would be vital in the success of our final piece.

Preliminary Task Cinematography

In our preliminary task we used a very wide variety of shots in order to create the fast-paced action feel, as well as giving some shots a very stylised feel. We covered all the basic shots, and even a few of the more stylistic, unconventional ones. Here is a rough list of the shot types employed:
- Establishing Shot
- Long Shot
- Medium Shot
- Two Shot
- Over-the-Shoulder shot
- Close Up
- Extreme Close Up
- Birds-Eye View Shot
- Low Angle
- High Angle
- Panning Shot
- Tracking Shot
- POV shot
- Eye-line Shot
- Vertigo Shot
With this very varied range of shots we were able to really experiment with different methods of storytelling, and I think they are one of the main reasons for our films success! Film is a visual medium, and so these visuals should be used to their highest potential through different camera angles. A very effective shot was the vertigo shot used just before Agent Davidson massacres the Russians on the stairs. This was to create a comedic element, as well as to reflect the shock of the Russians as they saw their impending doom. It worked well with the music, as the music enhanced the comedy, and the shot complimented it. Another interesting shot was when the chef pushes the trolley towards Agent Davidson and the camera is mounted on the trolley, which could almost be seen as a POV shot from the perspective of the trolley! The shot felt wild and involved the audience a lot more, adding to the mayhem of the kitchen fight sequence. A lot of the shots were framed so that people would come into shot, so we had to set down markers for the actors to land on. An example of this is when Agent Davidson falls to the floor winded by the monkey-human hybrid. Here we see some of the action, and then Agent Davidson's face falls neatly framed into the shot. This was surprisingly easy to shoot, and we did it in one take. Throughout the film we never used a tripod. This was not because we didn't have access to one, or simply didn't know how to use one, but it was a stylistic choice. We wanted the cinematography to have a 'shaky' feel similar to the footage that is seen in war footage on the news. By not using a tripod we were able to involve the audience a lot more, and make them feel as if they are part of the action. 

There were only a few 'named' shots that we did not include, because of practicality or just not finding a use for them:
- Dutch Tilt
- Aerial Shot
The dutch tilt is more commonly associated with horror films, so was a completely inappropriate shot to use for our film. The aerial shot is hugely impractical seeming as we do not have access to much height, however the opening establishing shots could be argued to be 'aerial'.

The lighting was very intricately created. The most successful lighting was in the scene where Agent Davidson meets the Professor in the dark hallway. Agent Davidson is silhouetted both by the light of his torch and the backlight, whereas the Professor is lit by Agent Davidson's torch, giving it a very grim feel. For the shot of Agent Davidson I told him to point the torch directly at the camera, regardless of where it is 'meant' to be pointing, as this makes him look far more intimidating and silhouetted. The lighting worked very well, but unfortunately the camera had black lines going across the clip which ruins it. This can probably be overcome by shooting in 1080p, which is available on the camera, although we shot it in a lower quality in order to easily import to mac.
Another notable piece of lighting is in the upstairs fight sequence. It can be seen that Agent Davidson turns on the light before the fight. This is because it was starting to get dark, and the finer details were being lost in the scene, by having him turn on the light, we change the lighting cleverly and we add to the suspense of him looking around the house. In post-production I desaturated the scene to take away the distracting orange glow the light give off.

Overall I thought that the cinematography for our film was very good; we used a wide range of camera angles, we shot a lot of different angles for every scene, and we lit each scene well. All of this added to the dynamics of the film, and brought it out of the notoriously terrible 'amateur filmmaker' zone.

Preliminary Task



Here's the preliminary task which we had to make as part of the course, I shall go into more detail in other posts.